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Brentano’s Theory of Wholes and Parts
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In his works on Psychology (1866; 1874; 1982) and in his hitherto unpublished lectures on Metaphysics (1866 ff), Brentano developed an epistemological, and an ontological part-whole-theory, respectively. This theory serves as an analytical method in order to give a functional foundation and construction of epistemology, and ontology by showing (i) that and how a science is built up on foundational parts (or last elements), on which other (more complex) parts are superposed; (ii) that and how these parts of different order interrelate with one another so that they build up an integral whole. – By this procedure, Brentano not only …

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