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True scale models of vertical-axis wind turbines do not function at the small scales which are required for the simulation of groups of wind turbines in a wind tunnel. Previous investigators modelled vertical-axis wind turbines by static devices which produced straight wakes. Wind tunnel tests indicate that, when the wake deflection of full scale machines is reproduced, the mean flow energy content of the machines is increased by up to \( \approx 10\% \). The total power output of a group of machines is therefore likely to be higher than expected on the basis of previous tests. The power output …