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We are witnessing a revolution in molecular biology and medicine : complete genomes for dozens of species are already available; genomes for many other species, including the H. sapiens, will be completed very soon. Analyzing such information becomes one of the most interesting questions in bioinformatics research. In this talk, we will present a theory based on Kolmogorov complexity (algorithmic information theory), and an actual program implementing this theory, for measuring the distance between two genomes. Using these, we are able to construct evolutionary trees from complete mtDNA genomes (and confirming a prior analysis of Hesagawa and his coauthors using …