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Simulation of soil-water and heat flow equation to predict the evolution of discontinuous permafrost in northern Québec
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The hydrological basin is located SE of Ungava Bay. The deposits are of glacial, fluvio glacial and marine origin. Permafrost is discontinuous. Two test sites on cryogenic mounds are instrumented to gather hydrological and thermal parameters. The objectives of this study are two-fold: 1) to investigate the importance of the heat convection mode using numerical models of heat conduction and combined heat conduction-convection equations, 2) to simulate moisture and heat flow for increasing the temperature of ground surface for a long term period. Depending on long term temperature fluctuations, one can predict aggregation or degradation of permafrost. A two-dimensional model …

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Two-dimensional heat flow modeling of a discontinuous permafrost region in northern Quebec
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The study area is located within the discontinuous permafrost zone in the southeastern sector of Ungava Bay. Permafrost occurs in patches of heaved terrain dominated by unfrozen zones. The selected site located in a fluvialglacial basin is instrumented with thermistors across a mound for the data needed for heat transfer equation. A finite difference computer program was used to solve the heat conduction equation under certain boundary conditions. The objective of this study is to model time-varying heat conduction in fine silty sand. The programs used are able to handle convective, constant heat flux, specified temperature and type of boundaries. …

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Comparison of seismic refraction and other geophysical methods in three types of permafrosted terrain, Kangiqsualujjuaq, northern Quebec
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The study area is located in the southeastern part of Ungava Bay (latitude: 58°30'N and longitude: 65°50'W). The terrains investigated are situated in a valley oriented NW-SE, flanked by steep bedrock scarps partly filled with unconsolidated glacial and marine deposits. These terrains are till, wet sand and gravel and dry sand and gravel. The immediate objectives of the geophysical investigations are related to (1) determination of the thickness of the active layer and permafrost as well as the depth to bedrock obtained with geophysical methods with an emphasis in seismic refraction, (2) comparison of physical properties (electrical resistivity, chargeability and …

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