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Selon Kurylowicz (Problèmes de linguistique indo-européenne, 1977: 152), les prépositions en indo-européen "n'ont été que des adverbes précisant à l'origine le sens du morphème casuel". Nous examinerons des adverbes et des prépositions en polonais moderne afin de dresser une liste des différences structurales, morphologiques et sémantiques qui séparent ces deux classes de mots pour proposer une description des adverbes et des prépositions polonaises à la lumière de la théorie guillaumienne des parties du discours.
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Les prépositions polonaises ZA et PO gouvernent l'une et l'autre trois cas. À la préposition ZA s'attache l'instrumental (Jest za granica – Il est derrière / de l'autre côté de la frontière), l'accusatif (Jedzie za granica – Il s'en va à l'étranger) ou le génitif (Zyl za czasow krola Jana – Il vit à l'époque du roi Jean), tandis qu'à la préposition PO s'attache le locatif (Bede po obiedzie – Je serai après dîner), l'accusatif (Ide po kawe – Je vais me chercher un café) et le datif (Te cukierki sa po dolarze – Ces bonbons coûtent un dollar chacun). …
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In contemporary Slavic the locative is always rendered by the combination of a preposition and the locative case morpheme. It is postulated, following the suggestions made by Kempf 1978, Janda 1993 and Guillaume 1992, that a single (potential ?) meaning can be proposed for this case in spite of a broad variety of prepositions (o = about, w = in, na = on, przy = next to, etc.) the locative morpheme cooccurs with in discourse. An analysis of the sample data from Polish will be carried out to determine to what extent the various prepositional uses are unified. The possibility …
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Following Guillaume’s basic precept on the unity of form and meaning in a linguistic sign, a description of the potential meaning of the Polish morpheme za is attempted. The uses of za in prepositional phrases with different morphological cases are examined, and the expressive effect as well as the particular semantic contribution of the prepositions with za are determined. It is postulated that the most general meaning of za involves some kind of transcendence from one state to another, physical as well as metaphorical. Uses of za- as a prefix are examined to see if and to what extent the …
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In this working paper, expressive effects produced by the Instrumental in Polish sentences where it can be contrasted with the Accusative will be examined (Type: Jan rzucił w mnie Piłkę = John has thrown a ball - Instr. at me versus Jan rzucił do mnie piłkę = John has thrown a ball - acc. to me) in order to determine whether a general characteristic of the Polish Instrumental in such structures can be proposed. The question of whether the Instrumental-marked NP’s in these structures (as in Potrząsł ręką = He shook his hand - Instr.) can be described as direct …
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The paper examines 3 types of use of the Polish demonstrative pronoun ten (this) described as clearly non-demonstrative by Polish linguists and grammarians: 1. the anaphoric, English definite article-like use, demonstrated in relation to word-order, 2. the "emphatic" use in comparisons (similar to one of the definite article uses in old English), and 3. the "emotional" use of the pronoun in front of proper names (comparable to the similar use of le/la in French sentences of the type "Où est-elle, la Louise?"). It is claimed that these non-demonstrative uses of ten in Polish resemble some typical function of the definite …
