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Current telomere-initiated senescence models propose that telomeric DNA loss results in uncapped telomeres that directly activate a p53-centric DNA damage response (DDR) fueling a stable senescence-associated proliferation arrest (SAPA). We propose that uncapped telomeres can’t directly trigger senescence. Instead, they trigger a focal telomeric DDR underlying an unstable proliferation arrest invariably followed by cell cycle re-entry. In this context, replicated uncapped telomeres underlie homologous recombination-mediated sister chromatid fusions responsible for next-mitosis genome instability, which is the origin of non-telomeric DNA lesions that sustain a p53-mediated stable SAPA. Indeed, in naturally occurring replicative senescence, interphase cells that underwent SAPA display genome …
