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The UN's traditional vision of peace, inherited from its foundational context and based on the absence of war, is now challenged by the prevalence of internal armed conflicts. Among the competing explanations of civil wars and the ways to resolve them, the UN gives priority to scholarship focusing on their root causes and on peacemaking as a participative and transformative process (e.g.: John Burton, Edward Azard, Johan Galtung, and later Jean-Paul Lederach, Paul Collier, etc.). These approaches have since been contested by scholars emphasizing the transformative power of conflict and violence, and the articulation between the microfoundations of war and …